Effect of rice and rye straw

AbstractionPurposes: To dissect the concealment of the developing of Microcystis aeruginosa by various term mixtures of rice straw ( 0.2, 10, 50 and 100 yearss ) and rye straw ( 0.2, 5, 15, 40, 50, 100 and 150 yearss ) . Techniques and Consequences: All mixtures with high fixation demonstrated harsh result on the developing of M. aeruginosa, and the 0.2-day mixture from rice straw and the 40-day imbuement from rye straw demonstrated the most strong 1s with EC50 estimations of 28.0 milligrams C l-1 and 18.9 milligrams C l-1, severally. The concentrate convergence of rice straw had negative relationship with the maximal developing and developing rate in any case rot duration, while rye straw indicated the negative connection between the concentrate focus and the solitary maximal developing of M. aeruginosa. Highlights of imbuements through radical violet optical thickness ought to be changed because of corruption of straws. Choices: Rice and rye straw mixture demonstrated the likelihood to order the developing of M. aeruginosa, and in any case, may be considered as a feature of another unforeseen intensity poison. Centrality and Impact of the Survey: To put most adequate operator against algal developing, removes from since quite a while ago run degradation of straws could give greater chance and plausibility to happen allelochemicals. Watchwords: since a long time ago run imbuement, allelopathy, concealment, rice straw, rye straw, SUVA, Microcystis aeruginosaIntroductionTellurian workss have been known to consolidate arranged allelochemicals with hostile to algal belongingss ( Rice, 1984 ) . For outline, grain straw concentrated relatively more than different straws like rice and rye has been accounted for to demo a concealment outcome of algal developing ( Pillinger et al. , 1992 ; Newman and Barrett, 1993 ; Barrett, 1994 ; Everall and Lees, 1996 ; Barrett et al. , 1996 ; Everall and Lees, 1997 ; Cooper et al. , 1997 ) because of grouped mixes separated from grain straw under various conditions, for case, oxidized phenolic mixes from lignin beginnings ( Pillinger, 1993 ; Chesson et al. , 1982 ) , p-coumaric and ferulic from cell divider bound constituents ( Chesson et al. , 1982 ) , and tannic corrosive ( Hussein, 1982 ) . Rice straw has other than been known to relinquish allelochemicals with phenolic compound t o limit the growing, developing, photosynthesis, breath and transformation of different workss ( Rice 1984 ; Inderjit et Al. 1995 ; Chung et Al. 2001 ) . Park et Al ( 2006 ) indicated intelligent and oppressive result of arranged phenolic mixes extricated from rice straw on the developing of Microcystis aeruginosa. These straw-inferred mixes may stay of army complex synthetics with arranged highlights in a fluid status. As straws would be applied into oceanic environments to order inconveniently algal developing, straw-inferred synthetic substances would be discharged ceaselessly, aggregated or changed into H2O segment and highlights of synthetic concoctions would be changed orchestrating to the corruption cut which may be connected with the lability of synthetics. Be that as it may, there was little data on this connection between allelochemical creation and degradation cut about rice and rye straws. Along these lines, our motivations were to dissect whether discharged synthetic from rice and rye straws fitting to decay cut has distinctive concealment outcome on the developing of cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, known as annoyance green growth around the universe, and to anticipate the change of highlights of separated stuffs during deterioration clip.Materials and methodsCollection of works stuffsRye straw ( Secale cereale L. ) was gathered in Keumsan, South Korea. Rice straw ( Oryza sativa L. ) which was non applied with pesticides to break down creepy crawly pathology was gotten from Kangwon Province Agricultural Research and Extension Service, South Korea. All stuffs were in a flash moved to investigate lab, washed a few times with tap H2O, dried at 50? for 3 yearss and put away in a dull status at room temperature. Put away workss were cut, mortared, and sieved through 1-mm work before experiment.Preparation of short or since a long time ago run disintegrated infusionsNine gms of each works stuff ( dry weight ) were put in a 2 L Erlenmeyer cup, consolidating 1.8 L of Moss medium. The making out of Moss medium was ( in milligram ) 16.8 Ca2+ , 5.0 †10-4 Co2-, 3.0 EDTA, 2.0 †10-2 Fe3+ , 2.2 K+ , 2.4 Mg2+ , 2.0 †10-2 Mn2+ , 4.0 †10-3 Mo6+ , 13.6 Na+ , 6.4 NH4+ , 21.0 NO3-, 0.9 P5+ , 3.3 S6+ , 4.9 Si4+ , 5.0 †10-3 Zn2+ , 3.3 †10-8 Cya nocobalamin ( B12 ) , 3.3 †10-7 d-Biotin, 3.3 †10-8 Thiamin-HCl ( B1 ) in 1 L of refined H2O. To separate straws for a long clasp, an aerator gave aerophilic status into the 2 L Erlenmeyer carafe on the grounds that keeping up aerophilic status was of import for the creation of phytotoxic synthetic substances. For delineation, Welch et Al. ( 1990 ) showed that microbic disintegration of grain straw was basic for the concealment of algal developing, and Newman and Barrett ( 1994 ) proposed that the central requests for straw to be dynamic are the consideration of aerophilic conditions and a functioning and different microflora. Humidifier before the aerator was introduced to thwart the loss of mixtures and human progress medium from the vaporization by blow uping dry air. The imbuements from rice straw were tested after 0.2, 10, 50 and 100 yearss from puting straws in the human progress medium and those of rye straw were gotten after 0.2, 5, 15, 40, 50, 100 and 150 yearss from introducing straws. Each subsampling, 200 milliliter of imbuements were separated through a glass fiber channel paper ( Whatman, GF/F ) , thus filtrate was lyophilized and put away in a refrigerator until Microcystis aeruginosa developing preliminary. Culture medium including imbuements was made by blur trip 20 milligram of lyophilised stuff in 100 milliliter of disinfected Moss medium and separated through a glass fiber channel paper ( Whatman, GF/F ) . At that point, to quantitatively investigate the concealment of M. aeruginosa developing by imbuements, human progress medium incorporating implantations was weakened with sanitized Moss medium to an extent of grouping of mixtures ( test arrangement ) . Tried convergences of imbuements every disintegration time of straws were in Table 1. The convergences of disintegrated natural C ( DOC ) in implantations were resolved using the TOC analyser ( TOC-5000A, Shimadzu ) . Every 10 milliliter of human progress medium was put away at 4? to mensurate UV 260nm optical density.Culture status and developing finding of M. aeruginosaEach 4 milliliter of preliminary arrangements was moved into five glass development tubings ( c.a. 11 milliliter, USA Scientific Culture Tube ) with a top thus, autoclaved. Following 1-day cooling, each 0.3 milliliter of M. aeruginosa ( got from Institute of Hydrobiology, China ) was vaccinated into four tubings and refined. Stayed one development tubing was utilized to mensurate clean estimation of fluorescence or optical thickness to watch algal developing every implantation. M. aeruginosa in exponential or fixed developing stage was vaccinated for the trials. Culture tubings were hatched in 25â ±1? also, enlightened by fluorescent noticeable radiations to give around 80? E m-2 s-1 for 2 4 h each twenty-four hours. Cylinders were unsettled with a spin amiable twice a twenty-four hours. The spots of test tubings in a brooder were randomized in any event multiple times a hebdomad. In vivo fluorescence of M. aeruginosa was estimated with 1 or 2 yearss stretch using a spectrofluorophotometer ( RF-1501, Shimadzu ) at 343 nanometer of an energy frequency and 680 nanometer of a radiation frequency. Absorbance ( 680 nm ) of algal cells to mensurate algal becoming was resolved with 1 or 2 yearss span using a spectrophotometer ( 101, Hitachi ) on the other hand of fluorescence following 50-day mixture of rice straw and 100-day implantation of rye straw.Determination of M. aeruginosa developing and measurements techniquesTo figure maximal developing ( K ) and developing rate ( u ) of M. aeruginosa, a strategic guide was utilized to show a sigmoid bend for algal developing ( SigmaPlot 9.0, Jandel Scientific ) as follows: EC50 values ( focus, when 50 % concealment result happens ) were acquired from maximal developing estimations of every preliminary contrasted and control on log-probit graduated tables. A back to back line connecting the two nearest values above and underneath the line coordinating to 50 % concealment was gotten ( Yamane et al. , 1984 ) . In case of 50 and 100 yearss in rice straw and 0.2 twenty-four hours in rye straw, EC50 values were determined by the extrapolation of two nearest informations of under 50 % concealment. To figure â€Å" no-hindrance maximum breaking point tried fixation † , alluded as a maximal focus indicated no-restraint out of attempted focuses, rehashed estimated examination of inconsistency ( ANOVA ) with station hoc of Dunnett preliminary was utilized ( p and gt ; 0.05 ) to analyze the dissemination of optical thickness or fluorescence for watching M. aeruginosa developing between control without implantation and preliminary arrangements. Single direct ion ANOVA ( station hoc Duncan preliminary ) was used ( p and A ; lt ; 0.05 ) to look at standardized maximal developing or standardized developing rate among three gatherings of broke down natural fixation ( DOC ) of imbuements, and standardized maximal developing or standardized developing rate are determined by isolated maximal developing or developing rate in preliminary arrangement by in charge, severally.Ratio of UV260 and DOC in infusionsIn request to prognosticate the adjustment of highlights of implantations during rotting, the proportion of UV optical thickness at 260 nanometers and DOC focus ( SUVA ; explicit fanatic violet optical thickness ) was estimated. The UV optical thickness and DOC were estimated by a spectrophotometer ( UV-2401PC, Shimadzu ) and TOC analyser ( TOC-5000A, Shimadzu ) , severally.ConsequencesConsequence of mixtures of rice and rye straws on M. aerugi

STRATEGIC PLAN CRITIQUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key PLAN CRITIQUE - Essay Example The company’s key arrangement is defined to address the present dangers/issues concerning the business just as the organization all in all, for example, its more fragile nearness in the informal communication section, low coordination of the wide scope of administrations gave, specialized boundaries bringing about obsolete connections, arrange tricks, ecological issues and so on. These issues are apropos handled by the organization the board by utilizing its interior qualities of labor, scholarly ability and across the board prevalence to use its image esteem and boost consumer loyalty simultaneously working intimately with the company’s vision, strategic qualities. This key arranging process is fundamental for all associations as it encourages them in recognizing the different dangers and openings in the business just as gives them satisfactory information about its inward qualities and shortcomings to address such issues presented by the full scale financial condition. This paper examines the different issues, issues just as dangers concerning the business just as the organization all in all and surveys the key arranging process distinguished by the administration to address those issues. The Pedigree Grooming and Boarding Company situated in New Mexico, is committed to offering some incentive based administrations to the canine show contenders. The different issues concerning the organization as of now, remembers the change for proprietorship, financial trouble of the clients, high rivalry, valuing strategies and relative naiveté of the new proprietor in this field. These issues are planned to be tended to by receiving new estimating arrangements, extending its administration line, representative improvement through thorough preparing, and setting attainable yet serious targets. This vital arrangement is planned suitably that tries to focus on the most pivotal parts of the business and is in accordance with the general objectives, vision and mission of the

Summer Reading

Summer Reading In Matt’s latest post he says that MyMIT will be up August 19. This is good news! It means you still have time to get some summer reading in. This is one of the best parts of summer in my mind. Whether you actually get to the beach or not, don’t miss out on the last few weeks of downtime before school and college application season begins. I don’t know about you, but I love to be reading a few books at the same time, especially in summer. Here are my picks: In Defense of Food by Michael Pollan This is a quick read and I read it one day after complaining on facebook to a friend that I wasn’t able to lose any weight. I think he was sick of my whining, because he shot back a link to this book title and said, “Hey, this helped me. I didn’t fully get the weight loss thing until I learned how to eat.” Hmm, it is a good book. But I’m still eating cupcakes that I find left out for the taking on a table in lobby 10. Emperor of all Maladies by  Siddhartha Mukherjee Ok, so I JUST bought this book after a very inspiring talk by Professor Neri Oxman in MIT’s media lab. A bunch of us Admission Counselors had the pleasure of listening to her talk about her lab and her research. She said something like, “This book should be required reading of all MIT students.” Prospective students take note! I went right out and bought it, and then I read the prologue when I was stopped in traffic on the Mass Pike. (I don’t recommend this) But I do recommend the book so far. It is totally engrossing from page one. Just Kids by Patti Smith My partner and I have already read half of this out loud to each other while lounging under an umbrella on the beach. Janyce is a huge Patti Smith fan and I’m a big Robert Mapplethorpe fan. It’s a great read. Totally transports you to NYC in the late 60s. Awesome. A Widowers Tale by Julia Glass I’m savoring this like I do with all of her novels. Yes,  its really ok to read a novel once in awhile! So what books are in your beach bag? I’d love to know. Happy Summer! Summer Reading (Preface: This post is essentially a tribute/continuation of Selam’s posts from past summers as she wrote, “sometimes MIT students like to do things other than science, technology, or engineering”, and I would like this year’s cohort of students applying to MIT to know that as well! If you would much rather write a paper than do a problem set, you’re not alone here :) ) Before I had friends, I had books. For those of you who weren’t shy and introverted as kids, this may sound really sad, but those of you who were will know what I’m talking about. The universes within books were my worlds, and the characters within those universes were my partners in crime, my enemies, my friends. I had a wild imagination as a kid and spent hours daily daydreaming up new stories for the characters in my favorite books, which translated into a very extensive fanfiction writing phase in middle and high school. I eventually moved on to RPG video games as my preferred form of media, but I still enjoy the thrill of being absorbed into a world on paper. College has effectively eaten up the majority of my free time (as it does), and during the year, the time that I didn’t spend slaving over psets was dedicated to getting up to all sorts of shenanigans with my friends. Fortunately, summer and my 9-5 work schedule have yielded a reasonable amount of free time for me to explore some of my interests and read books! Books I read this year: I read these for a class I took spring semester, CMS.840 (Literature and Film). I actually had signed up for another class, CMS.339 (Virtual Reality and Immersive Media Production), but it was lotteried and it’s difficult to get into some CMS classes without being a declared concentrator/minor/major, so I wound up not getting in. I spent a few days scrambling around for another HASS class to take and landed on CMS.840, which I initially didn’t really have high expectations for but I ended up enjoying it quite a bit. No Country for Old Men by Cormac McCarthy I’ve seen the movie before, and it turns out that the book was written as a screenplay for the movie, so they wound up being quite similar. The class itself was all about juxtaposing literature and their corresponding film adaptations, and I have to say, I enjoyed the film marginally better. The book is a bit dry, and IMO, the action is better represented through film. Double Indemnity by James M. Cain This is a novella, and was originally published in an 8-part serial. I might have remembered it better if I had read it as a serial, because I finished this story in about an hour, and honestly don’t remember anything about it :P A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams I really enjoyed the written version of this play, even more so than the film adaptation (even young Marlon Brando couldn’t convince me). Blanche’s struggle to separate her fantasies from her reality was tragic to read, and personally fascinating to me; I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about my own relationship with fantasy, and how that affects my actions in reality. Seriously, I wrote like three college essays on this. Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi This is one of those books that I sat down to read, couldn’t stop reading until I finished, and then read it again for good measure because it was just that amazing. Persepolis is an autobiographical graphic novel that tells a story of the authors childhood spent in Islamic Revolution Iran. Even though I wouldnt normally think that a graphic novel could tell such a serious story, I thought that this was the perfect medium for telling this story. Books I re-read this year:   The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand I actually really like this book; it’s good fiction, even if I definitely wouldn’t want to be friends with Ayn Rand. I don’t subscribe to Objectivism (the philosophy that Rand steeps all of her books in), but there are some character attributes that I really appreciate. Although Howard Roark (the protagonist) is realistically kind of an asshole, I try to live by his philosophy of adhering strictly to his personal standards of integrity. Don’t do something just because it might look good to other people do it for yourself! Books I intended to read this year: On the Way to a Smile and The Kids are Alright Those of you who know me personally probably know of my Final Fantasy VII obsession. These two books are semi-canon in-universe novellas that expand on some of the side characters, and I would have read both books in three seconds flat if they weren’t in Japanese, which makes things considerably more difficult! I read very quickly in English and very slowly in Japanese, and I wound up finishing about half of The Kids are Alright before I ran out of time to read at all, let alone in Japanese. I’m determined to work up the motivation to get back into it, though! Killing Commendatore by Haruki Murakami I went through a Haruki Murakami phase over my gap semester in senior year, and that gap semester happened to be in Japan, so I bought a copy of his new book when it came out. Unfortunately, Murakami’s books don’t make much more sense in Japanese than they do in English. Also, I think an English version has been released by now, so maybe I should just read that instead Books Ive read this summer so far! His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman Thats why we needed our full life, Pan. We would have gone with Will and Kirjava, wouldnt we? Yes. Of course! And they would have come with us. But But then we wouldnt have been able to build it. No one could if they put themselves first. We have to be all those difficult things like cheerful and kind and curious and patient, and weve got to study and think and work hard, all of us, in all our different worlds, and then well build Her hands were resting on his glossy fur. Somewhere in the garden a nightingale was singing, and a little breeze touched her hair and stirred the leaves overhead. All the different bells of the city chimed, once each, this one high, that one low, some close by, others farther off, one cracked and peevish, another grave and sonorous, but agreeing in all their different voices on what the time was, even if some of them got to it a little more slowly than others. In that other Oxford where she and Will had kissed good-bye, the bells would be chiming, too, and a nightingale would be singing, and a little breeze would be stirring the leaves in the Botanic Garden. And then what? said her daemon sleepily. Build what? The Republic of Heaven, said Lyra. (cue tears) For whatever reason, I never got around to reading this series as a kid. I’m actually really glad about that, because if I had, I might never have revisited it as an adult. There’s a lot of philosophy and commentary regarding organized religion that I probably wouldn’t have picked up on as a child. Those of you who read the blogs semi-regularly will probably know that Petey loves His Dark Materials and has a sweet-ass tattoo of Lyra, and I think that quoting him here is appropriate: “These books are about many things â€" Christianity, and magic, and science, and love, and loss â€" but ultimately they are about choice: the choices we make, and the choices we are kept from making. They are about the many worlds which at once overlap with and stand apart from each other.” (from this post) After reading His Dark Materials which I did in very quick succession, because once I started I couldn’t stop I spent a long time lying awake at night thinking about many of the core ideas and themes from the books; in particular, the conscious mind. Humans haven’t managed to figure out much about consciousness and what it is. There are two theories regarding consciousness that I know of materialism and and mind-body dualism. The former postulates that consciousness emanates from the firing of neurons in our brains, and the latter is an idea of the religious variety that our physical bodies and our “souls” are separate. As far as I know, humanity knows close to nothing about either of these theories. They might both be right, or they both could be totally wrong. Nobody knows. His Dark Materials presents its own theory: that consciousness is composed of elementary particles both the characters in His Dark Materials and the residents of our universe know these particles as dark matter. The particles, called Dust in the books, bestow consciousness upon certain species, and are especially attracted to adults. The organization representing the Christian church in His Dark Materials believes that since Dust is less attracted to children than it is to adults, it must be a manifestation of Eve’s Original Sin. I think that Pullman is implying here that the Church is an enemy to human progress and tries to hinder the gain of worldly knowledge; I think this is a bit harsh, but only a bit. Organized religion as a whole has definitely netted negative over the last few millennia. That wasn’t really the point of that line of thought, but I’m not sure I wrote it with a point in mind. Anyways, you should read this series if you haven’t already. The Brief and Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz “Its never the changes we want that change everything.”   I read this book because its Junot Díazs most famous work. Some of you might know that  Díaz, a Pulitzer Prize winning author and creative writing professor here at MIT, got accused of sexual misconduct a few months ago. After a lot of controversy, MIT said he hadnt violated any of their policies and allowed him to continue teaching. I was really disappointed about this whole scandal; last semester, when I was beginning to consider double majoring in CMS, I was really excited to take one of his classes, and now I probably wont end up doing so out of moral obligation. I enjoyed the book;  Díazs writing style is really unique. But sadly, that doesnt change the fact that Im not overly inclined to take any of his classes anymore. Brave New World by Aldous Huxley “But I dont want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin.”   This book is WILD. Aldous Huxley was truly ahead of his time, and I think he acknowledged this himself; in Brave New World Revisited, he discusses how he believes that elements of the future he envisioned in Brave New World are manifesting themselves faster than he could have imagined. While I don’t think our society will completely devolve into one with various classes of genetically engineered humans, I do think that this will happen to some extent. When genetic editing for fetuses becomes available and it will, almost certainly within my lifetime, only the rich will be able to afford it, at least at first. Getting into the upper echelons of socioeconomic success would become even more impossible than it already is, because the top 1% would be dominated by perfectly genetically engineered humans with ridiculously high IQs. I’m not sure that it would be good if genetic engineering technology is democratized either, because then everybody would want their child to have an astron omical IQ and be ridiculously attractive, and society would lose a lot of its variety. Personally, I would draw the line for genetic engineering for fetuses at getting rid of crippling genetic diseases or defects. We’ll see where society will decide to draw the line, though. (Bonus thought: would you have to report genetic editing on your college applications? Affirmative action could have a field day with that.) The Godfather by Mario Puzo “Yet, he thought, if I can die saying, Life is so beautiful, then nothing else is important. If i can believe in myself that much, nothing else matters.” I actually didn’t know that The Godfather wasn’t just a movie until recently, but it’s one of my favorite movies, and I couldn’t not read the book. Reading the book made me realize how well the movie is done it’s very faithful to the book, which is my personal standard of how good an adaptation is. I’m also really glad that the movie has sequels, because the book doesn’t end on the brightest note. Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell “My life amounts to no more than one drop in a limitless ocean. Yet what is any ocean, but a multitude of drops?”   Cloud Atlas is one of those movie names that sort of float in and out of your list of movies to watch, but you never quite get around to it. Last weekend, I was alone at my house catsitting while my parents were away, and I stole this book from my sister’s room because it seemed like a long read, but not too long. I got way more than I bargained for from this book. What an adventure. For those of you who haven’t read it, Cloud Atlas is made up of six different stories told over five centuries, by characters who will never meet each other but are connected through time in various ways. It got me thinking about souls again. I might not believe in heaven or hell or any sort of afterlife, but I’d like to think that like everything else in the universe, souls also obey the law of conservation and pass from one generation to the next as they do in Cloud Atlas. And thats it so far for me Im currently reading a post-apocalyptic novel called Station Eleven and I have an entire list of books that Im excited to read coming up. For the students reading this post: take some time out of your summer to read books! Post Tagged #books #CMS.840 #summer

The Education System Of Saudi Arabia - 1651 Words

In the last decades, the number of Saudi undergraduates enrolled in universities in the United has surged dramatically. The trend is caused by the scholarship program that allowed Saudi students to study abroad while having their government pay for their tuition fees and living expenses. However, while these students are aware of the career opportunities that await them back home in the event that they finish schooling, many of them fail to return with a diploma. The problem is that, they find it difficult to adjust to the education systems implemented in foreign universities. The Saudi education system is marked by bureaucracy, which means that all important decisions pertaining to education are made by state officials, whereas the American education system places emphasis on individuality. That is, students are encouraged to make their own choices about almost all aspects of their education. Saudi students who are not able to adjust appropriately to the demands of Western education are also not able to maximize the benefits of studying in a multicultural academic institutions. Discussion In order to establish sustainable human resources in Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Higher Education launched the King Abdullah Scholarship Program in 2005. Students are sent in developed nations around the world to study baccalaureate, masters, and doctorate programs in diverse areas of specialization (Alamri, 2011). 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Women During Combat Units With Their Male Counterparts

Give me Equality or Give me Death Women in combat, a hindrance or the advance we need in our military combat units. Should women be allowed to be in combat units with their male counterparts? This is a topic of interest because discrimination is something that is vanishing as this country is learning to adjust to change. The fact that discrimination is making its way out of society is all the reason why women should be looked at as equal to their male counter parts. In the Article: Arguing For and Against Women in Combat in 1978, two different viewpoints were argued between women who had both been very high ranking in the military. One of the women was Elizabeth Hoisington, one of the first women to attain the rank of Brigadier†¦show more content†¦If a woman wanted to be as physically qualified as a man she could be. She may have to work a little bit harder to get there but she could. Although I don’t agree fully with what was said, I have become a little skeptical in allowing women in combat a s well as others. On the other hand the differing opinion in this article coming from Jeanne Holm, a Major General in the Air Force and the first woman to achieve the rank of a two star general in any branch of the military, thought â€Å"the time had long since come for women to serve their nation in combat units.† Although she did have some doubt about women going directly into infantry units she thinks women should be put on ships and planes as the first step. Hoisington did express that she thought having two people of opposite gender could interfere with the mission. Not only could attraction interfere with the mission at hand but also the fact that men have a natural instinct to protect women could also be a very big problem. Both women did agree â€Å"The No.1 criterion must be the ability of the unit to perform its combat mission. Everything else should be secondary to that,† which is absolutely true. The soldiers should be focused solely on the missio n at hand. Can someone truly say a woman would be the primary reason as to why the mission was compromised? Not at all if men could keep their focus only on the mission then there should be no reason as to

Development of Haiti 2010 Free Essays

Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in horrible poverty. Two-thirds of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain at risk to damage from frequent natural disasters as well as the country’s widespread growth of deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel). While the economy has recovered in recent years, registering positive growth since 2005, four tropical storms in 2008 along with the recent storm that had hit Haiti this year in 2010 severely damaged the transportation, communications, and agricultural areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Haiti 2010 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Larger scale agricultural products in Haiti include coffee, mangos, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum and wood. Although industry is small, sugar refining, textiles and some assembly are common in Haiti. The economic inequality in Haiti is comparatively high. Expenditure distributions are highly slanted with the majority of expenditures at the low end. The GDP (gross domestic product) per capita in Haiti as of 2009 is $1,300. The number of the unemployed in Haiti is 3. 643 million people. The labor force rates in Haiti by occupation, for agriculture it is 66%, for services it is 25%, and for industry it is only 9%. In Haiti, those who can read and write are usually 15 and older. Typical males can read and write more so than girls, but only by a small percentage: males are 54. 8% literate and females are 51. 2% literate. Haiti has 15,200 primary schools, of which 90% are non-public and managed by the communities, religious organizations. The enrollment rate for primary school is 67%, and fewer than 30% reach 6th grade. Secondary schools enroll 20% of eligible-age children. Although, public education is free, private and unsophisticated schools provide around 75% of educational programs offered and less than 65% of those eligible for primary education are actually enrolled. Only 63% of those enrolled will complete primary school. Although Haitians place a high value on education, few can afford to send their children to secondary school. Remittances sent by Haitians living abroad are important in contributing to educational costs. Haiti meets most international human rights standards. In practice, however, many provisions are not respected. The government’s human rights record is poor. Political killings, kidnapping, torture, and unlawful custody are common unofficial practices. Medical facilities in Haiti are in short supply and for the most part they are all very poor quality; outside the capital standards are even lower than in Port-au-Prince. Medical care in Port-au-Prince is limited, and the level of community sanitation is extremely low. Life-threatening emergencies often require evacuation by air ambulance at the patient’s expense. Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for health services. The degree of risk in Haiti is quite high; half of the children in Haiti are unvaccinated and just 40% of the population has access to basic health care. Even before the 2010 earthquake, nearly half the causes of deaths have been attributed to HIV/AIDS, respiratory infections, meningitis and diarrheal diseases, including cholera and typhoid. Ninety percent of Haiti’s children suffer from waterborne diseases and intestinal parasites. Approximately 5% of Haiti’s adult population is infected with HIV. Cases of tuberculosis in Haiti are more than ten times as high as those in other Latin American countries. Also, around 30,000 people in Haiti suffer each year from malaria. Environmental widespread growth of deforestation in Haiti as well as, soil erosion, poor supply of drinkable water, biodiversity, climate change, and desertification are some main causes as to why Haiti is such a poor and lacking country today. The forests that once covered the entire country have now been reduced to 4% of the total land area. Haiti loses 3% of its forests every year. Deforestation has had a disastrous effect on soil fertility, because the steep hillsides on which so many Haitian farmers work are particularly at risk to erosion. Another environmental factor that faces Haiti is the unplanned and unsustainable timber harvesting, agricultural clearing, and livestock cultivation that has thrown Haiti’s environment into crisis, creating the effects of hurricanes and floods on the already unstable country. Haiti’s transportation is not at all well; although they have 14 airports in Haiti, only 4 of them are paved and the other 10 are not. The road total mileage in Haiti is about 2,585 miles, only 628 miles of it is paved and 1,957 miles is unpaved. Haiti has only two main highways that run from one end of the country to the other. In the past Haiti used railroads, but today they are no longer in use due to other forms of transportation that have become available. The birth rate in Haiti is 24. 92 births per 1,000 people of the population, and the death rate is 32. 31 deaths per 1,000 people of the population as of 2010. The infant mortality rate total is 77. 26% deaths per 1,000 live births; males have a higher death rate than females. Males having 81. deaths per 1,000 live births and females having 73. 07 deaths per 1,000 live births. Life expectancy of the total population is only 29. 93 years, males only having 29. 61 years and females living until around age 30. The reason for such a high mortality rate is due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower pop ulation growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. Works Cited CIA. â€Å"CIA – The World Factbook. † Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. 27 Oct. 2010. Web. 05 Nov. 010. . Nicolas, Marc-Charles. â€Å"Facts about Haiti, About Haiti, Data and Population of Haiti, Haiti Crime Report, Haiti Superficie, Haiti Superficy. † Haitisurf. com- Haiti Website, Haitian Website, Top Haitian Website – Haiti Tourism – Haiti Vacations. 2008. Web. 05 Nov. 2010. . Rival, Antonio. â€Å"Culture of Haiti – Traditional, History, People, Clothing, Traditions, Women, Beliefs, Food, Customs, Family, Social, Dress, Marriage, Men, Life, Population, Religion, Rituals. † Countries and Their Cultures. Web. 05 Nov. 2010. . U. S. Library of Congress. â€Å"Haiti – GEOGRAPHY. † Country Studies. Web. 17 Nov. 2010. . How to cite Development of Haiti 2010, Papers

John Steinbeck Experiencing the Dust Bowl Essay Example For Students

John Steinbeck: Experiencing the Dust Bowl Essay The 1930s were a decade of great change politically, economically, and socially. The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl wore raw the nerves of the people, and our true strength was shown. From it arose John Steinbeck, a storyteller of the Okies and their hardships. His books, especially The Grapes of Wrath, are reflections of what really went on in the 1930s. John Steinbeck did not write about what he had previously read, he instead wrote what he experienced through his travels with the migrant workers. His method was not to present himself notebook in hand and interview people. Instead he worked and traveled with the migrants as one of them, living as they did and arousing no suspicion from employers militantly alert against agitators of any kind. (Lisca 14) John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath was derived from his personal experiences and his journeys with the migrant workers. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in the town of Salinas, California. Salinas was an agricultural trading center with ties to the farms and ranches in the area. Steinbecks father, John Steinbeck Sr. , was in the flour-milling business and through it supported his family of three daughters and one son. Steinbeck was a good student and a great writer even at an early age; he wrote stories for his high school paper. (Lisca 1-4) The experiences that were most influential to Steinbeck were not at school, but instead came from his home and the countryside. He read his mothers books, which included the titles of Crime and Punishment, Paradise Lost and The Return of the Native. Another major influence was the countryside of California that surrounded him all his childhood. He went with Good 2 his family to his mothers family ranch, where Steinbeck was surrounded by nature, and these kinds of trips led him to write such books as East of Eden and The Red Pony. (Lisca 3-5) Later in life, Steinbeck wrote a book called In Dubious Battle, which made him known as sympathetic to the labor conditions in California. Because of this, Steinbeck accepted assignments to write articles about the migrants working in California. Steinbeck had been aware of the labor problems in his state of California, but for these articles he wanted to experience it firsthand. For inspiration for his articles, and also what would turn out to be the inspiration for Grapes of Wrath, he visited the farms outside his native Salinas and also visited the squatter camps near Bakersfield (Lisca 12-14). These visits to the squatter camps led to his creation of the Weedpatch camp in Grapes of Wrath. A few years later, Steinbeck returned to California to write Grapes of Wrath and to further research the flawed California labor. He was not, however, merely researching materials for his next book, but passionately involved in the suffering and injustice (Lisca 16). His fervor for the migrant cause almost lead him to abandon his recent writing and revise Of Mice and Men and sell it so he could donate to money to the migrant workers. In early September 1936, Steinbeck went back to Salinas to find that there was a violent clash between growers and workers over a strike that resulted in riots and killings. This turned Steinbeck upside down, because now it was not only something happening in California, but was happening in the town where he grew up. While visiting migrant camps that were being flooded by the torrential rain in Visalia, he was filled with anger at the conditions in which these people were living (DeMott 3). The people were living in flooded tents where the people were without food or fire. .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 , .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .postImageUrl , .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 , .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:hover , .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:visited , .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:active { border:0!important; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:active , .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0 .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4264ce7243bb42ebedebec67c08795f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The tragic hero in antigone Essay The town and the county had stopped giving help because the situation had become too unbearable (DeMott Good 3 xxviii). Here is an excerpt from Steinbecks personal journal when he was in Visalia in the winter of 1938: I must go over into the interior valleys. There are about five thousand families starving to death over there, not just hungry but actually starving. The government is trying to feed them and get medical attention to them with the fascist group of utilities and banks and huge growers sabotaging the thing all along .