Theme Of Love In Wuthering Heights - 786 Words

Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights draws a close line between love and hate as a major theme in the novel. The different sides of love are demonstrated by Bronte through situations that draw upon the nature of being human. The author displays the selfish, destructive and the betrayal side of love between the main character as well as minor characters in the novel and how they are imprisoned by the same recurring cycle. The relationship shared by Heathcliff and Catherine is the most important as it sets the motion of the rest of the novel. Heathcliff and Catherine’s love is a representation of a fantasy connection between two people that exist beyond words and out of reach of the physical world that simply cannot be explained. A love that†¦show more content†¦Heathcliff’s love for Catherine makes him destructive as he manages to inflict part of his vengeance onto her daughter. The young Cathy is first physically constrained of her freedom, then stripped of her financial and ownership of property by Heathcliff. â€Å"He opened them suddenly, and resigned the object of dispute; but, ere she had well secured it, he seized her with the liberated hand, and, pulling her on his knee, administrated with the other a shower of terrace slaps on both sides of the head, each sufficient to have filled his threat, had she been able to fall† (Bronte 265). Heathcliff’s tyrannical traits for his greed and power seeking appetite has reached a point of total insanity that all other characters suffer, as if he wants all to feel the same pain he has experienced. The author show cases raw emotions of human nature that also draws a small parallelism to animalistic features when it comes to the characterization of Heathcliff in the second half of the novel. The author presents the betrayal aspect of love when Cathy summits to Heathcliff in result of trying to help and save Linton. The young Cathy is held captive in the first place for her love of Linton which backfires on her since he is simply selfish, weak and lets himself be taken as a pawn to Heathcliff’s ultimate revenge. â€Å"The anguish he had exhibited on the moor subsided as soon as ever he entered Wuthering Heights;Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Love In Wuthering Heights922 Words   |  4 PagesLove can take many forms. Sonnet 18, undoubtedly one of Shakespeare’s most famous works and believed to be one of the most famous love poems of all time, illustrates the timelessness and true beauty of love in a natural, pure way. In contrast, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights takes a far darker, more intense yet somewhat sinister twist when exploring the themes of love, passion and cruelty. One of the greatest love stories in English literature, the love-hate passionat e relationship between CathyRead MoreThe Themes Of Love In Wuthering Heights By Emily Brontà «706 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel, Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «, the main themes help the reader discover a deeper understanding of the novel as a whole. One of the first important themes of this novel is love. Love plays an immense role throughout the plot, in a nontraditional way. In the beginning of the novel, we notice the growing relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine, and how they become inseparable. No matter what they are doing, they are almost certainly together. However, after their separationRead More Themes of Love and Obsession in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights820 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of Love and Obsession in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚   My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff (81) These words, uttered by Catherine, in the novel Wuthering Heights are for me the starting point in my investigation into the themes of love and obsession in the novel. Catherine has just told her housekeeper that she has made up her mind to marry Edgar Linton, although she is well aware that herRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1350 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes conflicting, genres. Wuthering Heights, written by the famous Emily Brontà «, is one pointed example of a divisive novel in this sense. Although it possesses characteristics of a diverse range of literature, inconsistencies undermine many standard categorizations. Wuthering Heights is far too twisted and its concept of love far too flawed to be a romantic novel, although the saga of Heathcliff and Cathy is undoubtedly a love story. As a whole, Wuthering Heights is bes t described as a GothicRead MoreWuthering Heights by Charlotte Bronte1143 Words   |  5 Pagespreternatural passion that tamer beings can scarcely recognize as love.† (Duclaux) Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « is considered a masterpiece today, however when was first published, it received negative criticism for its passionate nature. Critics have studied the novel from every analytical angle, yet it remains one of the most haunting love stories of all time. â€Å"Wuthering Heights is not a comfortable book; it invites admiration rather than love.† (Stoneman) The novel contains several different levelsRead More Comparing the Themes of Wuthering Heights and Of Mice and Men1098 Words   |  5 Pages Comparing the Themes of Wuthering Heights and Of Mice and Men nbsp; nbsp; Wuthering Heights and Of Mice and Men are two novels that were written approximate hundred years apart by different authors living in different time periods. Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte who lived in England. Of Mice and Men was written by John Steinbeck who lived in California. Although they were written by different authors of different background, time, and place. One could neverthelessRead MoreThe Meaning of Revenge within Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte902 Words   |  4 PagesThe Meaning of Revenge within Wuthering Heights      The novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights† is about an orphan was raised within the mansion Wuthering height, who grows up and end up loving his childhood friends that is an upper-class girl. For the love of his life he faces a lot of consequences due to society’s view on both of their status. Revenge plays a huge role which is the main theme of the plot line. In the story â€Å"Wuthering Heights† Emily Bronte discuss the idea of revenge; she explains how aRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1099 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Wuthering Heights† is the epitome of classical literature written by Emily Bronte in 1847. This masterpiece unfolds the story of two lovers, Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff and how their intense love for each other succumbed to revenge. The novel centralises around the theme of revenge through the use of gothic elements. Gothic Literature and is a combination of fiction, horror and romanticism. Wuthering Heights effectively empl oys gothic literature elements to emphasis the characters, plotRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria Embry Outside Reading Analysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century;

The Georgia State School Board Of Education - 906 Words

According to the Georgia Department of Education, the Georgia State School Board of Education adopted a new set of standards known as the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts. Since the Common Core Standards State Standards assess the same English Language Arts standards as the Georgia Performance Standards, Georgia’s curriculum is called Common Core Georgia Performance Standards. Of the ELA standards for first grade, one requires that students be able to ask and answer questions based on the details in a text. This standard also requires that the student be able to retell stories, including details, and demonstrate comprehension. This could be an issue for special needs students. Students with a learning disability in reading often have difficulty comprehending texts in books and other reading material that is written at their grade level. However, there are many strategies to use to improve reading comprehension in struggling readers. With the increase use o f technology, my review is written to determine if pre-recordings readings are more effective than teacher-led read aloud in improving comprehension skills of students with disabilities. Helping Children with Learning Disabilities Understand What They Read is an article by Regina G. Richards. Her article discusses the basic strategies and techniques that can be used for students with learning disabilities. The article states, a key component of comprehension is that the student must be activelyShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Georgias Requirements For Obtaining Licensure1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn the State of Georgia’s requirements for obtaining licensure include first and foremost, for the person to be a graduate of a Commission of Accreditation in Physical Therapy (CAPTE) accredited school and provide an official transcript including the graduation date from the institute granting the physical therapy degree (Georgia State Board of Physical Therapy, 2015). Additionally, the candidate for licensure must pass with a minimum score of 600 on both the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE)Read MoreWest Georgia Technical College System831 Words   |  4 Pages West Georgia Technical College is located in Waco, Georgia and is the state s third-largest technical college. As part of the Technical College System of Georgia (TCSG), West Georgia Technical College (WGTC) is a rural two year public technical institution located in the west Georgia area with campuses in Douglasville, Murphy, Waco, Carrollton, Lagrange, and Newnan. Additionally, the college is principally a commuter campus. The college was formed on September 4, 2008 from a merger of West CentralRead MoreEvaluation Of A Program Based Assessment Data For The Calculation Of Multi Year Averaging1072 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermination purposes. Georgia Alternate Assessment (GAA). A summative assessment based on an Individualized Education Program (IEP) that measure a student’s progress toward the mastery of targeted goals. In lieu of the traditional CRCT, the GAA serves as a replacement assessment for students who participates in an alternate curriculum and are unable to participate in state mandated assessments even with maximum accommodations. Georgia Performance Standards (GPS). Georgia Performance Standards provideRead MoreU.s. Department Of Justice Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesEven though employment rates are still down therefore the state can still hire qualified candidates. Keeping qualified candidates promotes the wellbeing of our state and citizens because Georgia experiences some of the highest turnover and employee are leaving to go to the private sector for better money. In certain organization in the state level such as: keep qualified candidate that promoted the well-being state and the citizens in arena such as correctional and police officer, hospital staffRead MoreEvaluating A Teacher On The State Of Georgia1202 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Evaluating of a Teacher in the state of Georgia Based on the Georgia Department of Education, Georgia has a new way of evaluating all of its teachers. Beginners teachers are held with the same standards as tenured teachers. The evaluation is through Teacher Keys Effectiveness System (TKES) which is consist of three components which gives to an overall Teacher Effectiveness Measure (TEM). First component is Teacher Assessment on Performance Standards (TAPS). The second component is SurveysRead MoreFirst Amendment- Religion Cases Of Religion1542 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is defined by a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. This probably was not the exact definition that the Founding Fathers knew but it was close. In the United States Constitution the very first amendment describes a few of the people’s unalienable rights. The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of spe ech, or of the press; or the right of the peopleRead MoreAbout Georgia Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesGeorgia was admitted as a state in 1788 and was one of the Confederate States of America. It was once primarily a farm state, producing large amounts of cotton, but has since become a major manufacturing and service industry state. Georgia is named for George II of England. It is bordered by Tennessee, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida. The population of the state is estimated at about 8,186,453. Caucasian people make up about 71% of Georgias population, while African-AmericansRead MoreDefinition Of Curriculum For Education Curriculum906 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Curriculum has many definitions in the realm of education. Some people view curriculum as a specific structure of assignments and standards that must be mastered by all students while others view curriculum as a means to an end result. Ornstein and Hunkins (2013) define curriculum as being several different things: a plan for achievement, based on student schema, a way to handle others, a program of study, and content based on levels. It is interesting to read a text written specificallyRead MoreStudent Demographics Of Richmond County Schools1273 Words   |  6 PagesRichmond County School District is located in Augusta, Georgia. Augusta, Georgia is the second largest and oldest city in Georgia with a population of about 200,000. The school district includes 56 schools that serves 32, 426 students grades Pre-K through 12. There are 33 Elementary schools, 9 Middle schools, 8 Comprehensive high schools, 4 Magnet schools, 1 Special school and 1 Charter school. The student demographics of Richmond County Public Schools are: 70% African Americans, 22% White, 4% HispanicRead MoreUpson County Georgia: Healthy People Analysis1152 Words   |  5 PagesBackground Upson County, Georgia, is the focus of our Healthy People Analysis. It is primarily White and African Amerian with high-home ownership but low valued homes, lower income than most of the state, and over 20% of the population living below the poverty line. Most of the current economic activity comes from tourism, since the manufacturing base left the area over the last two decades. The county shares some of the major health concerns of poorer communities across the nation: high obesity

Management System Database

Questions: What does database bring to our world? What does a database do to a companys bottom-line? Answers: Introduction: A collection of information, which can be organized, is called a database. It is organized so that it can be easily managed, accessed and updated. Databases can be classified according to its contents such as numeric, bibliographic, images and full-text. Relational database is a tabular database where data are defied and organized so that it can be accessed in a number of different ways. In different points in a network, a distributed database can be replicated or dispersed. An object oriented database is one which is defined in classes and subclasses and is congruent with the data. Customer profiles, sales transactions, inventories and product catalogs are types of data and files which makes a computer database. A database manager gives the users the freedom of reading, writing and accessing reports. Databases and databases managers are prevalent in large systems but are also present in smaller mainframe systems and mid range systems as the AS/400 or personal computers. Sql is a lan guage which is structured to make interactive queries and updating databases such as 1bms DB2, database products from Sybase and oracle and also Microsofts SQL Server (Actacommercii.co.za, 2015). What does database bring to our world? Databases have helped us in building large scale historical databases to enable us to test theories about the processes which are responsible for the rise of large scale societies in human history. The database has helped in evolving the sociopolitical organization of human societies. In recent world biology has been revolutionized by the usage of databases. Such as Gen Bank, which enable data collection. This process will be more useful if it comes to historical and social sciences. The data collected will help in accessing the research work into human societies (Bhatnagar Bhatia, 2014). Our aim is to use database not to change history or biology but to use database to help bridge the gap between sciences and humanities, to share and gather knowledge and then use what we have learnt about the past to shape our future Databases have brought ms access and ms excel into our world without which no task would have been able to be complete by the managers. Common uses of ms access and ms excel Excel Access Data analysis Data management Sharable output is easy to generate Database management with multiple users Logical, mathematical Display complex queries, data structuring, data subsets Chart management, conditional formatting Reports for data summarization Statistical comparisons, calculations Automation of common events These are the key comparisons between Ms Access and Ms excel. In todays world these two databases are used interchangeably.Ms excel is used for its statistics and mathematics and Access is used for displaying a lot of data in a structured manner. What has Excel given to this world: Excel is an excellent tool when using spreadsheets. It excels at numerical data, many permutations of analysis. But unfortunately, when the size of the database is enlarged like for example with a government dataset, excel begins to shrink under the stress. What has Access given to this world: Access is different from excel as where excel focuses on numerical access actually provides storage for multiple information so that it can be recalled and referred to across multiple places. The largest difference between excel and access is the record retention method. Access provides its users the benefit of modifying the data stored in access any time possible. But the same thing is not possible in excel. Other than excel and access there are other databases which can be largely categorized under Network DBMS Relational DBMS Object-oriented DBMS and Hierarchical DBMS Network dbms: When the relationships among data in the database are among many to many it is said to be a Network dbms. Because of this many to many type, network dbms is extremely complicated. However, there are two basic elements i.e. sets to designate many to-many relationships and records. High level languages like Pascal, FORTRAN, COBOL and C++ were used to set structures and implement records. Relational dbms: Rdbms is treated in the form of a table. Three keys of rdbms are attributes, relation and domain. Some of the examples of Rdbms are ms access, ms, sql server ,ingress, oracle, Informix and Sybase. Object oriented DBMS: Object Oriented databases use smaller reusable parts of softwares called objects. The object oriented database stores the objects. It is able to handle many data types including video, graphics, audio and photographs. An object oriented database stores data from many media sources such as texts and photographs and in a multimedia format it produces work as output. Hierarchical database: Hierarchical database is that database where one data is present in a subordinate way compared to the superior database. The items have a parent child relationship among them. the hierarchical data structure was made by IBM in 1968 and presented in information management systems ('Database Respository System (DBR) a Web-based Database Management Approach for Modern Epidemiologic Studies', 2000) Functions of Dbms: To ensure consistency of data and data integrity on the database, a Dbms performs several functions. The Ten functions of Dbms are: transaction management, data dictionary management, transformation and presentation of data, data storage management, security management, recovery and backup management, multiuser access control, database access languages , database communication interfaces and finally application programming interfaces. 1. Transaction management: The Dbms must supply a method which will guarantee whether all the updates in a transaction are made. All the transactions must follow the acid properties.2. Data dictionary management: the definitions of data elements are stored in data dictionary. The dbms uses this function to look up relationships and data components. This function eliminates data and structural dependency. The data dictionary is used by database administrators and is often hidden from the user.3. Transformation and presentation of data: The difference between physical and logical data formats can be understood by using transformation and presentation of data.4. Data storage management: This function of dbms is used for data validation rules, report definitions, storage of data, screen definitions, procedural code and structures that can contain picture and video formats.5. Security management: One of the most important functions of dbms is security management. Specific users are allowe d to access the database based on the set of rules given by security management. Users can access the database by using username and password. Other than that there are other forms of authentication which is rather costly. This function also restraints he user from seeing certain datas.6. Recovery and backup management: Databases can have outside threats which are dealt by recovery and backup management .Backup management looks after the data safety and security.7. Multiuser access control: Multiuser access control is a very helpful tool for dbms .It enables multiple users to access the database at the same time without affecting the integrity of the database.8. Database access languages: A non procedural language is a query language. Majority of dbms vendors support a query language. This function helps the users to specify what exactly the task that they want o is be done without specifically explaining how to do it.9. Database communication interfaces: the requests of different u sers can be accepted with this function. A dbms can provide database access through internet using web browsers like Mozilla, Netscape and internet explorer.10. Application programming interfaces: it is a set of protocols, routines and tools for building software applications. It expresses a software component in terms of its underlying types, outputs, inputs and operations (Dhawan, 2010). What does a database do to a companys bottom-line? An organization is viewed as a pyramid like structure, strategic planning and policy making being on the top, control activities and management planning on the middle and finally operational activities on the bottom. Organizations should have control over their data resources. The corporate database contains certain images over which the decisions and actions in the organization are dependent. Employees in thousands of organizations use the databases to calculate invoice customers and sales estimates and to complete accounting reports. The workers use a computerized database to access the data. The usage of relational database management system ensures that it can manage relationships between the various database elements (Management-hub.com, 2015). Data searches: the relational database management system ensures that a company can make and maintain its data over the systems lifetime. Customers can search for a product using its color, brand, name, price and other features. The system enables the users to have access to the previous datas with ease as it stores data in a sequential and predictable format. Data Updates: It allows the users to enter new informations, delete outdated data and update current records. it enters a new record in the table of the customer. Data relationships: The relational database management system enables different data tables to relate to each other. While a table contains updated information about the employee data on its sales staff and another with data on its product sales the rdms system manages the two tables and creates a relationship between the two. This relationship can tell the management which salesperson has the highest sales and which product he is selling the most (Pathak, 2008). Data Access: Modern rdms system uses a programming language known as sql or structured query language. to update, access and delete the data within its tables. These programs involving open source mysql systems and ms sql server allow outside systems to access its data via sql queries A web site can display product data including descriptions, prices and photos when the web software connects to the data contained within the rdms. The external and internal forces of an organization demands that organization should exercise control over their data resources. the image contained in the database of the organization decides upon its decisions and actions. At the operational level, managerial decisions are taken and plans are produced which are captured formally and stored in the database of a corporate firm. People in the organization, follow the query in the database o do regular operational activities. Middle management receives report comparing the present reports with the previous ones. All levels of an organization is supported by corporate databases and is vital for management process, decision making and operations. The computer applications penetrate into higher levels when an organization receives immense support from its operations. An MIS can mature as a tool for decision making, control and planning with operational database support (Saint-Leger, 2015). Conclusion: Databases have helped us in building large-scale historical databases to enable us to test theories about the processes which is responsible for the rise of large scale societies in human history. Databases have brought ms access and ms excel into our world without which no task would have been able to be complete by the managers. Organizations have to manage their data assets carefully to make sure that they can be accessed and used by employees and managers all along the organizational levels. the management has to make sure that all the employees realize the benefit of managing data electronically they require the skills of using the database. The full benefits of database management system are long term and intangible (van den Hoven, 2002). Finally, the most important aim of data management is to aid in effective decision making to achieve objectives and goals and finally bring success to the business. References: (2015). Retrieved 16 February 2015, from https://www.cs.ucla.edu/classes/fall09/cs143/notes/01chapter-handout.pdf (2015). Retrieved 16 February 2015, from https://islandman.org/uog/cs315/01_IntoDatabases.pdf Actacommercii.co.za,. (2015). Retrieved 16 February 2015, from https://www.actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/viewFile/44/44 Bhatnagar Bhatia, A. (2014). Database Management System. Oxford: Alpha Science International Ltd. Database Respository System (DBR) a Web-based Database Management Approach for Modern Epidemiologic Studies. (2000). Epidemiology, 11(4), S160. doi:10.1097/00001648-200007000-00444 Dhawan, R. (2010). Database management system. New Delhi: A P H Pub. Corp. Management-hub.com,. (2015). About MIS - Role of Database in an Organization. Retrieved 16 February 2015, from https://www.management-hub.com/database-management-mis.html Pathak, N. (2008). Database management system. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Saint-Leger, R. (2015). How Is a Management Information System Useful in Companies?. Business Entrepreneurship - azcentral.com. Retrieved 16 February 2015, from https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/management-information-system-useful-companies-1262.html van den Hoven, J. (2002). Database Management System and XML: Interchange of Data. Information Systems Management, 19(1), 94-96. doi:10.1201/1078/43199.19.1.20020101/31482.13

The Gender Differences in Negotiation Styles

Introduction Negotiation is one of the most skills in the corporate world. It is a skill that would be needed in every department of the firm. As Downs (2008) notes, an organization cannot move if it lacks individuals who are able to properly negotiate on its behalf. Internally, various departments may need to negotiate over various issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gender Differences in Negotiation Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The marketing department would need to convince the finance unit to allocate it enough finance to support various financial obligations it has to undertake. Similarly, the production unit would need a close coordination with the procurement and logistics unit on the flow of raw materials into the firm, and transportation of the manufactured products to the desired destinations. Individuals within the firm would also need to negotiate when they find themselves in competitive situations. Externally, organizations are involved in negotiations almost on a daily basis. The procurement unit must negotiate for quality raw materials at a cheaper price, while the marketing department would look for a better market for the firm’s product. It would require success from all the departments and individuals concerned for the organization to ensure overall success in its endeavors. Negotiation has seen a shift from what it used to be before. According to Adam and Healy (2000), unlike before when most negotiation’s ultimate end would be a win-lose situation, currently negotiations are aimed at a win-win scenario. Both parties involved should come out of the negotiation with what he or she desired, or a compromise that would be satisfactory to them. However, most discussions today still end in a win-lose situation, a fact that has seen many organizations focus on having the best team to negotiate their dealings. Both men and women comprise such team of negotiators. According to Fifield (2007) the society has changed from what used to be a highly patriarchal world, to a more liberal one where both genders feel equal to each other. Many women have since become as successful in the corporate world as men. Despite these positive changes, the two genders still exhibit differences in many set ups.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The notion that men are the dominant group over women is still held in various quarters. Many individuals still believe that men still have more authority than women in most of the decision making practices. Ward (1999) singles out Saudi Arabia where women have to seek permission from men before making serious decisions in life. Inasmuch as the Saudi case is extreme, many societies, even in the developed democracies still have a difficulty in accepting that the two genders are pr etty much equal when it comes to issues about decision making. In negotiations, both the genders have registered marked differences in their ability to make dealings that are beneficial to them. There have been divergent views as to which gender is more superior in decision making and what each uses to ensure that they are successful in their decision making processes. Different scholars have different ideas as to which of the two genders are better positioned to negotiate successfully for the firm. This paper seeks to investigate differences in negotiation between men and women. Literature Review Negotiation as a skill in the corporate world has raised a lot of concern from different quarters. This has seen scholars focus their attention to it. Of interest has been the difference in negotiation between the two genders. According to Weiss (1994) men are better placed to negotiate than women. This scholar says that men have the advantage of the perception the society has towards them . Many societies still believe that men are superior to women. For this reason, they have a strong basis to negotiate, as compared to women. Anderson (2004) supports this idea. According to this scholar, women are still chained by the manacles of inferiority that was placed on them by the society of the aging population. Although the current population is more liberal and treats both genders equally, it is still evident that women have remained the inferior sex. They get into the negotiation knowing that they would lose if they are to face a man.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Gender Differences in Negotiation Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society has taught them to be submissive towards men, and this would be the mentality they transfer to such discussion. As such, they become more relaxed and prone to accepting the demands of the other party at their own expense. Bruce and Pepitone (1998) say that men are very aggressive and therefore better positioned to win negotiations. Men, unlike women, always believe in getting what they want. They would get into the negotiation table ready to grab any opportunity that would make him win the negotiation. They do not care what happens to the other party, and are less concerned if such success would break the good relationship that existed between them. Women are different, as Goel (2008) observes. This scholar says that women treasure relationships. They would rather lose the bargain but ensure that they retain positive relationship between her and the other party. As such, it would be easy to take advantage of them and win a negotiation over them. The moment negotiation becomes emotional, they would tend to relax and give in to the demands of the other party. This makes them less effective negotiators. Men are risk takers. In a negotiation, this is a very important skill. As Griffin and Moorhead (2009), negotiation requi res one to be a risk taker. They should be ready for any eventuality. According to these scholars, men would get on the negotiation table with a clear mind and ready to lose the anything but win the negotiation. Women behave contrary to this. Before anything else, their dignity matters. Anything that would jeopardize this would be avoided at all cost. When they get into the negotiation, they would always remember to be decorum and avoid scenarios that would make her be seen as too aggressive. This scholar refers to them as risk averters. When the debate gets too hot, they would rather be fence sitters, than face the whole process heads up. However, other scholars have had different opinion to the above scholars. These scholars believe that women are better negotiators than women.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Wong (2000), women are better listeners. They would take their time to listen to what the other party is saying. They would internalize it before coming up with its response. This makes them better party in a logical argument. Should they be faced by an individual who is in a rush to reach conclusion, she can use the other parties own words to win the negotiation. Frankfort-Nachmias and Nachmias (1992) agree with this scholar. They say that men are always in a rush. They want things done their way, but in a quick-fix manner. As such, they may make binding statements that can easily be used against them. They would lose the negotiation not because they are not good negotiators, but because are always in a rush to win the debate. Fisher, Ury and Patton (1991) argue that with the focus of negotiation changing to a win-win process, women stand a better chance of winning a negotiation than men. Women would always get into a negotiation with the aim of building relationships. They treasure relationships so much and their ultimate goal is to develop a bond that would last for a long period. Men on the other hand, aim at winning the negotiation at all costs. This would be at the expense of the good relationship that would have been developed if both parties were to leave the negotiation table satisfied. Lewicki, Barry and Saunders (2009) support this idea. They say that the current world needs a sustainable relationship with other firms if they are to succeed in the operation. The world is changing from antagonistic kind of competition to a collaborative competition. Firms need to cooperate with each other. Internally, departments and individuals must work collaboratively if they expect good results from their combined force. The moment one party manipulates the other and emerges the winner in a negotiation, trust would be lost, and the party that lost the negotiation would avoid any activity that would bind it to the other party. If this happens within t he firm, it would risk a stalemate as there would be no cooperation. If this was between one firm and another (supplier or the customer), the relationship would be broken completely and there would be no chance of developing any gainful relationship. Women have one feature that Ury (1991) observes that may make them win many negotiations. According to this scholar, women are ‘flowery’, a fact that has seen them easily win some tough debates. This scholar says that debates are not won through tough talking and commanding voice. However, it is won by wining one’s heart, by making one relax his or her stand, by making an individual be able to let go some of the demands he or she had, and letting them appreciate that there is need to have both parties satisfied with the outcome of the negotiation. Men lack this ability by nature. They would like to be seen as the superior party, always pushing their agenda without paying attention to the needs of the other party. Thi s may only have the effect of intimidating the other party, and if the other party fails to get intimidated, then possibilities of the discussion running into a stalemate is very high. A woman on the other hand, will come with a calm disarming voice that would make the other party drop his guard. At such circumstances, it would be easy to manipulate the other party, but because they always have the need to develop lasting relationship in their mind, they would ensure that they have as much as they think the other party should have. Discussion Negotiation is a very important tool in the current society. The ability to negotiate over various issues is one of the most important tools that an organization must have in the current corporate world. The corporate world has gotten more competitive. In every sector, there is competition. Even organizations that were previously thought to be immune to competition like non-profit making organizations currently find themselves in a neck break c ompetition. They are competing to position themselves as the better providers of the services they provide in order to win the heart of the financers, and the acceptance of the receivers of their service. As such, negotiation is a tool that cannot be neglected at whatever cost, irrespective of the organization, or at a personal level. Both men and women are differently positioned to win a negotiation based on different factors. Without considering other factors that both genders may have in common for example age, education level, income level, experience in the concerned field, authority commanded, and such other factors, the two genders would have different capabilities to negotiate. They both have some inherent characteristics that would make them pass as either poor negotiators or otherwise. Men as Successful Negotiators Men for a long period have been the dominant gender. In a negotiation process, there are several characteristics that would be required of a negotiator is they are to win the negotiation. One such characteristic is emotional control. Men are able to control their emotions. In a discussion, at times tempers may rise during the deliberation. One party would feel that the other is deliberately avoiding the focus of discussion and shifting to irrelevant things that would yield them unfair advantage. In such cases, tempers may rise and heated exchanges may arise. This is a very delicate process that requires deed emotional control if the process is to be ultimately successful. Men are able to control, and then compose themselves, ready for a successful process to be started. This is contrary to what women would do. Should such serious exchanges occur, and in case the exchanges involved abusive language or actions, they would completely be withdrawn to themselves, and it would be nearly impossible to bring them back to the negotiation again. Men believe in themselves. This is a very important tool in a negotiation process. In a negotiation, the most important thing is to make the other party convinced that one’s argument is correct and beneficial to all. To make the other party believe that what one is saying has validity and that it is not a wild guess or a trial and error kind of a thought. To achieve this, there is need to demonstrate to the other party that one has a deep understanding of the issue at hand and that what he or she is talking about is an assurance on its own. This would call for confidence on the side of the negotiator. As Watkins (2002) says, other people should be able to read confidence in the face and speech of the negotiator. They should be convinced that what is being put forth has the benefits they claim to offer. Women are a little poor in this as compared to men. They would appear timid, or in some cases, a little in doubt. If subjected to tough questions, they can easily lose focus of the discussion because they lack composure. This would make them vulnerable. Men are risk takes, as note d in the above review of literature. As such, they stand better chance of engaging in discussion that may appear to harbor some risks in case one looses the discussion. They are persevering and easily forgiving. This puts them at a better chance of winning a debate. Men as Poor Negotiators Men may also pass as poor negotiators. One main undoing of men in a negotiation process is their attempt to emerge the winner at whichever cost. This may involve becoming manipulative, a fact that may make the other party harden their stance. Anyone would want to be tougher if they realize that the other party in a negotiation is trying to be manipulative. They would make the conditions harder and this would break up the entire negotiation process. Men also lack patience. In a negotiation process, an individual should exercise some degree of patience and be willing to listen to the other party if both are to meet at a compromise. Women as Good Negotiators Women are becoming more and more relevant in the corporate world. They have been considered as better negotiators than men because of their ability to give other parties a listening ear. This is a very important tool in winning a negotiation. Women has the ability to be patient and listen to what the other party has to say. This would ensure that they absorb and weigh the other party’s basis of reasoning against their own. This would ensure success in the discussion in the discussion because they would try to be rational in the entire process of discussion. The other party would see that this party is making an effort to make the process a success, and they would try to reciprocate. The ultimate result would be a success in the entire process. The corporate world currently requires a collaborative approach to discussion. In a negotiation, there is need to have both parties satisfied with the outcome in order to build a lasting relationship. Women are better position to do this because they always approach such discus sions with open minds. They always aim at building relationship in such discussions; their discussions would always result in a lasting relationship with the other party. Women as Poor Negotiators Although they exhibit good negotiation skills, women have some characteristics that may see them pass as poor negotiators. One such characteristic is that they are emotional. They may take issue at personal level during negotiations. They can easily get emotional during the process of negotiation, thereby breaking the whole process of communication. Women are also not assertive. In most of the cases, they lack self confidence that would see them win such discussions. Conclusion Negotiation is one of the most important tools in the corporate world. Individuals need this skill in order to succeed in various aspects of life. In the set up of an organization, negotiation would be needed both within the organization and outside. There has been a shift in the approach to negotiations. Unlike bef ore when negotiation was a win-lose scenario, current negotiations would always end in a win-win situation. Men and women have different capacities to communicate. They both have their weaknesses and their strength that make them either poor communicator. As at now, it would be true to say that on a comparative basis, men are better negotiators than women. However, with the shift moving to the need to create a lasting relationship from the negotiation, women would stand a better chance of being better negotiators for they always have in their mind the need to develop relationship from such discussions. References Adam, F. Healy, M. (2000). 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